Personal Finance Manager Project In Flask

Creating an advanced-level Personal Finance Manager project involves designing a robust database structure, implementing a Flask backend, and creating a responsive frontend using Bootstrap 5. Below is a detailed breakdown of the project:

1. Database Structure

The database will store user data, transactions, categories, budgets, and goals. We'll use SQLAlchemy (an ORM for Flask) to define the database models.

Database Models

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from datetime import datetime
db = SQLAlchemy()
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True, nullable=False)
    email = db.Column(db.String(100), unique=True, nullable=False)
    password = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)
    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
    transactions = db.relationship('Transaction', backref='user', lazy=True)
    budgets = db.relationship('Budget', backref='user', lazy=True)
    goals = db.relationship('Goal', backref='user', lazy=True)
class Transaction(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)
    category_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('category.id'), nullable=False)
    amount = db.Column(db.Float, nullable=False)
    description = db.Column(db.String(200))
    date = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
    type = db.Column(db.Enum('income', 'expense'), nullable=False)
class Category(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    transactions = db.relationship('Transaction', backref='category', lazy=True)
class Budget(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)
    category_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('category.id'), nullable=False)
    amount = db.Column(db.Float, nullable=False)
    start_date = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
    end_date = db.Column(db.DateTime)
class Goal(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)
    name = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)
    target_amount = db.Column(db.Float, nullable=False)
    current_amount = db.Column(db.Float, default=0.0)
    deadline = db.Column(db.DateTime)

2. Flask Application Structure

Organize the Flask application into a modular structure:

personal_finance_manager/
│
├── app/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── routes/
│   │   ├── auth.py
│   │   ├── transactions.py
│   │   ├── budgets.py
│   │   ├── goals.py
│   │   └── dashboard.py
│   ├── templates/
│   │   ├── base.html
│   │   ├── auth/
│   │   │   ├── login.html
│   │   │   └── register.html
│   │   ├── transactions/
│   │   │   ├── add.html
│   │   │   └── list.html
│   │   ├── budgets/
│   │   │   ├── add.html
│   │   │   └── list.html
│   │   ├── goals/
│   │   │   ├── add.html
│   │   │   └── list.html
│   │   └── dashboard.html
│   ├── static/
│   │   ├── css/
│   │   │   └── styles.css
│   │   ├── js/
│   │   │   └── scripts.js
│   │   └── images/
│   └── config.py
│
├── requirements.txt
├── run.py
└── README.md

3. Flask Application Code

app/__init__.py

from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_login import LoginManager
db = SQLAlchemy()
login_manager = LoginManager()
def create_app():
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_pyfile('config.py')
    db.init_app(app)
    login_manager.init_app(app)
    from .routes.auth import auth_bp
    from .routes.transactions import transactions_bp
    from .routes.budgets import budgets_bp
    from .routes.goals import goals_bp
    from .routes.dashboard import dashboard_bp
    app.register_blueprint(auth_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(transactions_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(budgets_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(goals_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(dashboard_bp)
    return app

app/config.py

import os
class Config:
    SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'a_secret_key'
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DATABASE_URL') or 'sqlite:///site.db'
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False

run.py

from app import create_app
app = create_app()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

4. Flask Routes

app/routes/auth.py

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, redirect, url_for, flash
from flask_login import login_user, logout_user, login_required
from .forms import LoginForm, RegistrationForm
from ..models import User, db
auth_bp = Blueprint('auth', __name__)
@auth_bp.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(email=form.email.data).first()
        if user and user.verify_password(form.password.data):
            login_user(user)
            return redirect(url_for('dashboard.index'))
        flash('Login Unsuccessful. Please check email and password', 'danger')
    return render_template('auth/login.html', form=form)
@auth_bp.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    form = RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User(username=form.username.data, email=form.email.data)
        user.set_password(form.password.data)
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Your account has been created! You can now log in', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    return render_template('auth/register.html', form=form)
@auth_bp.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))

app/routes/transactions.py

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, redirect, url_for, flash
from flask_login import login_required, current_user
from ..models import Transaction, db
from .forms import TransactionForm
transactions_bp = Blueprint('transactions', __name__)
@transactions_bp.route('/transactions/add', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def add_transaction():
    form = TransactionForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        transaction = Transaction(user_id=current_user.id, 
                                  category_id=form.category.data, 
                                  amount=form.amount.data, 
                                  description=form.description.data, 
                                  date=form.date.data, 
                                  type=form.type.data)
        db.session.add(transaction)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Transaction added successfully!', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('transactions.list_transactions'))
    return render_template('transactions/add.html', form=form)
@transactions_bp.route('/transactions')
@login_required
def list_transactions():
    transactions = Transaction.query.filter_by(user_id=current_user.id).all()
    return render_template('transactions/list.html', transactions=transactions)

app/routes/budgets.py

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, redirect, url_for, flash
from flask_login import login_required, current_user
from ..models import Budget, db
from .forms import BudgetForm
budgets_bp = Blueprint('budgets', __name__)
@budgets_bp.route('/budgets/add', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def add_budget():
    form = BudgetForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        budget = Budget(user_id=current_user.id, 
                        category_id=form.category.data, 
                        amount=form.amount.data, 
                        start_date=form.start_date.data, 
                        end_date=form.end_date.data)
        db.session.add(budget)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Budget created successfully!', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('budgets.list_budgets'))
    return render_template('budgets/add.html', form=form)
@budgets_bp.route('/budgets')
@login_required
def list_budgets():
    budgets = Budget.query.filter_by(user_id=current_user.id).all()
    return render_template('budgets/list.html', budgets=budgets)

app/routes/goals.py

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, redirect, url_for, flash
from flask_login import login_required, current_user
from ..models import Goal, db
from .forms import GoalForm
goals_bp = Blueprint('goals', __name__)
@goals_bp.route('/goals/add', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def add_goal():
    form = GoalForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        goal = Goal(user_id=current_user.id, 
                    name=form.name.data, 
                    target_amount=form.target_amount.data, 
                    current_amount=form.current_amount.data, 
                    deadline=form.deadline.data)
        db.session.add(goal)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Goal created successfully!', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('goals.list_goals'))
    return render_template('goals/add.html', form=form)
@goals_bp.route('/goals')
@login_required
def list_goals():
    goals = Goal.query.filter_by(user_id=current_user.id).all()
    return render_template('goals/list.html', goals=goals)

app/routes/dashboard.py

from flask import Blueprint, render_template
from flask_login import login_required, current_user
from ..models import Transaction, Budget, Goal
dashboard_bp = Blueprint('dashboard', __name__)
@dashboard_bp.route('/dashboard')
@login_required
def index():
    transactions = Transaction.query.filter_by(user_id=current_user.id).all()
    budgets = Budget.query.filter_by(user_id=current_user.id).all()
    goals = Goal.query.filter_by(user_id=current_user.id).all()
    return render_template('dashboard.html', transactions=transactions, budgets=budgets, goals=goals)

5. HTML Templates with Bootstrap 5

templates/base.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang=`en`>
<head>
    <meta charset=`UTF-8`>
    <meta name=`viewport` content=`width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0`>
    <link href=`https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css` rel=`stylesheet`>
    <link rel=`stylesheet` href=`{{ url_for('static', filename='css/styles.css') }}`>
    <title>{% block title %}Personal Finance Manager{% endblock %}</title>
</head>
<body>
    <nav class=`navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light`>
        <div class=`container-fluid`>
            <a class=`navbar-brand` href=`{{ url_for('dashboard.index') }}`>PFM</a>
            <button class=`navbar-toggler` type=`button` data-bs-toggle=`collapse` data-bs-target=`#navbarNav` aria-controls=`navbarNav` aria-expanded=`false` aria-label=`Toggle navigation`>
                <span class=`navbar-toggler-icon`></span>
            </button>
            <div class=`collapse navbar-collapse`>
                <ul class=`navbar-nav`>
                    <li class=`nav-item`>
                        <a class=`nav-link` href=`{{ url_for('transactions.list_transactions') }}`>Transactions</a>
                    </li>
                    <li class=`nav-item`>
                        <a class=`nav-link` href=`{{ url_for('budgets.list_budgets') }}`>Budgets</a>
                    </li>
                    <li class=`nav-item`>
                        <a class=`nav-link` href=`{{ url_for('goals.list_goals') }}`>Goals</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
                <ul class=`navbar-nav ms-auto`>
                    {% if current_user.is_authenticated %}
                    <li class=`nav-item`>
                        <a class=`nav-link` href=`{{ url_for('auth.logout') }}`>Logout</a>
                    </li>
                    {% else %}
                    <li class=`nav-item`>
                        <a class=`nav-link` href=`{{ url_for('auth.login') }}`>Login</a>
                    </li>
                    <li class=`nav-item`>
                        <a class=`nav-link` href=`{{ url_for('auth.register') }}`>Register</a>
                    </li>
                    {% endif %}
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
    </nav>
    <div class=`container mt-4`>
        {% with messages = get_flashed_messages() %}
            {% if messages %}
                <div class=`alert alert-info`>
                    {% for message in messages %}
                        <p>{{ message }}</p>
                    {% endfor %}
                </div>
            {% endif %}
        {% endwith %}
        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
    </div>
    <script src=`https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js`></script>
</body>
</html>

templates/auth/login.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Login{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h2>Login</h2>
<form method=`POST`>
    {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.email.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.email(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.password.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.password(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <button type=`submit` class=`btn btn-primary`>Login</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}

templates/auth/register.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Register{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h2>Register</h2>
<form method=`POST`>
    {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.username.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.username(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.email.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.email(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.password.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.password(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <button type=`submit` class=`btn btn-primary`>Register</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}

templates/transactions/add.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Add Transaction{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h2>Add Transaction</h2>
<form method=`POST`>
    {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.category.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.category(class=`form-select`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.amount.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.amount(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.description.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.description(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.date.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.date(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.type.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.type(class=`form-select`) }}
    </div>
    <button type=`submit` class=`btn btn-primary`>Add Transaction</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}

templates/transactions/list.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Transactions{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h2>Transactions</h2>
<table class=`table`>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>Date</th>
            <th>Category</th>
            <th>Description</th>
            <th>Amount</th>
            <th>Type</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        {% for transaction in transactions %}
        <tr>
            <td>{{ transaction.date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') }}</td>
            <td>{{ transaction.category.name }}</td>
            <td>{{ transaction.description }}</td>
            <td>{{ transaction.amount }}</td>
            <td>{{ transaction.type }}</td>
        </tr>
        {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
</table>
<a href=`{{ url_for('transactions.add_transaction') }}` class=`btn btn-primary`>Add Transaction</a>
{% endblock %}

templates/budgets/add.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Add Budget{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h2>Add Budget</h2>
<form method=`POST`>
    {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.category.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.category(class=`form-select`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.amount.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.amount(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.start_date.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.start_date(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.end_date.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.end_date(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <button type=`submit` class=`btn btn-primary`>Add Budget</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}

templates/budgets/list.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Budgets{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h2>Budgets</h2>
<table class=`table`>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>Category</th>
            <th>Amount</th>
            <th>Start Date</th>
            <th>End Date</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        {% for budget in budgets %}
        <tr>
            <td>{{ budget.category.name }}</td>
            <td>{{ budget.amount }}</td>
            <td>{{ budget.start_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') }}</td>
            <td>{{ budget.end_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') if budget.end_date else 'N/A' }}</td>
        </tr>
        {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
</table>
<a href=`{{ url_for('budgets.add_budget') }}` class=`btn btn-primary`>Add Budget</a>
{% endblock %}

templates/goals/add.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Add Goal{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h2>Add Goal</h2>
<form method=`POST`>
    {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.name.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.name(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.target_amount.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.target_amount(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.current_amount.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.current_amount(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <div class=`mb-3`>
        {{ form.deadline.label(class=`form-label`) }}
        {{ form.deadline(class=`form-control`) }}
    </div>
    <button type=`submit` class=`btn btn-primary`>Add Goal</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}

templates/goals/list.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Goals{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h2>Goals</h2>
<table class=`table`>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>Name</th>
            <th>Target Amount</th>
            <th>Current Amount</th>
            <th>Deadline</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        {% for goal in goals %}
        <tr>
            <td>{{ goal.name }}</td>
            <td>{{ goal.target_amount }}</td>
            <td>{{ goal.current_amount }}</td>
            <td>{{ goal.deadline.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') if goal.deadline else 'N/A' }}</td>
        </tr>
        {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
</table>
<a href=`{{ url_for('goals.add_goal') }}` class=`btn btn-primary`>Add Goal</a>
{% endblock %}

templates/dashboard.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Dashboard{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h2>Dashboard</h2>
<div class=`row`>
    <div class=`col-md-4`>
        <h3>Transactions</h3>
        <ul class=`list-group`>
            {% for transaction in transactions %}
            <li class=`list-group-item`>
                {{ transaction.date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') }} - {{ transaction.description }}: {{ transaction.amount }} ({{ transaction.type }})
            </li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
        <a href=`{{ url_for('transactions.add_transaction') }}` class=`btn btn-primary`>Add Transaction</a>
    </div>
    <div class=`col-md-4`>
        <h3>Budgets</h3>
        <ul class=`list-group`>
            {% for budget in budgets %}
            <li class=`list-group-item`>
                {{ budget.category.name }}: {{ budget.amount }} ({{ budget.start_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') }} - {{ budget.end_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') if budget.end_date else 'N/A' }})
            </li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
        <a href=`{{ url_for('budgets.add_budget') }}` class=`btn btn-primary`>Add Budget</a>
    </div>
    <div class=`col-md-4`>
        <h3>Goals</h3>
        <ul class=`list-group`>
            {% for goal in goals %}
            <li class=`list-group-item`>
                {{ goal.name }}: {{ goal.current_amount }} / {{ goal.target_amount }} (Deadline: {{ goal.deadline.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') if goal.deadline else 'N/A' }})
            </li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
        <a href=`{{ url_for('goals.add_goal') }}` class=`btn btn-primary`>Add Goal</a>
    </div>
</div>
{% endblock %}

Requirements

Flask==2.0.1
Flask-SQLAlchemy==2.5.1
Flask-Login==0.5.0
WTForms==2.3.3

Conclusion

This structure provides a comprehensive foundation for a Personal Finance Manager application using Flask and Bootstrap 5. You can expand upon this by adding features such as data visualization, user settings, and more advanced financial analytics.