Creating Models, Migrations, and Relationships for Checkout

Hi everyone, welcome back to the Laravel E-Commerce Tutorial. This video focuses on setting up the necessary database structure for the Checkout process, including models, migrations, and relationships.

For the checkout functionality, we need four tables: Order, OrderItem, Address, and Transaction.

1. Create Models and Migrations

   Run the following commands in the command prompt to create the models and their respective migrations:

   php artisan make:model Order –m
   php artisan make:model OrderItem –m
   php artisan make:model Address –m
   php artisan make:model Transaction –m
   

2. Define the `orders` Table Schema

   Update the `create_orders_table` migration file with the following columns and foreign key constraint:

   public function up(): void
   {
       Schema::create("orders", function (Blueprint $table) {
           $table->id();
           $table->bigInteger("user_id")->unsigned();
           $table->decimal("subtotal");
           $table->decimal("discount")->default(0);
           $table->decimal("tax");
           $table->decimal("total");
           $table->string("name");
           $table->string("phone");
           $table->string("locality");
           $table->text("address");
           $table->string("city");
           $table->string("state");
           $table->string("country");
           $table->string("landmark")->nullable();
           $table->string("zip");
           $table->string("type")->default("home");
           $table->enum("status", ["ordered", "delivered", "canceled"])->default("ordered");
           $table->boolean("is_shipping_different")->default(false);
           $table->date("delivered_date")->nullable();
           $table->date("canceled_date")->nullable();
           $table->timestamps();
           $table->foreign("user_id")->references("id")->on("users")->onDelete("cascade");
       });
   }
   

3. Define the `addresses` Table Schema

   Update the `create_addresses_table` migration file with the following columns:

   public function up(): void
   {
       Schema::create("addresses", function (Blueprint $table) {
           $table->id();
           $table->bigInteger("user_id")->unsigned();
           $table->string("name");
           $table->string("phone");
           $table->string("locality");
           $table->text("address");
           $table->string("city");
           $table->string("state");
           $table->string("country");
           $table->string("landmark")->nullable();
           $table->string("zip");
           $table->string("type")->default("home");
           $table->boolean("isdefault")->default(false);
           $table->timestamps();
       });
   }
   

4. Define the `transactions` Table Schema

   Update the `create_transactions_table` migration file with the transaction details and foreign keys for `user_id` and `order_id`:

   public function up(): void
   {
       Schema::create("transactions", function (Blueprint $table) {
           $table->id();
           $table->bigInteger("user_id")->unsigned();
           $table->bigInteger("order_id")->unsigned();
           $table->enum("mode", ["cod", "card", "paypal"]);
           $table->enum("status", ["pending", "approved", "declined", "refunded"])->default("pending");
           $table->timestamps();
           $table->foreign("user_id")->references("id")->on("users")->onDelete("cascade");
           $table->foreign("order_id")->references("id")->on("orders")->onDelete("cascade");
       });
   }
   

5. Run the Migrations

   Execute the migrations to create the new tables in the database:

   php artisan migrate
   

6. Define Model Relationships

   Finally, define the Eloquent relationships in the respective models:

   `Order` Model (`Order.php`)

   The `Order` model has a relationship with a single user, many order items, and a single transaction:

   namespace AppModels;
   use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentFactoriesHasFactory;
   use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
   class Order extends Model
   {
       use HasFactory;
       public function user()
       {
           return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
       }
       public function orderItems()
       {
           return $this->hasMany(OrderItem::class);
       }
       public function transaction()
       {
           return $this->hasOne(Transaction::class);
       }
   }
   

   `OrderItem` Model (`OrderItem.php`)

   The `OrderItem` model belongs to an order and a product:

   namespace AppModels;
   use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentFactoriesHasFactory;
   use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
   class OrderItem extends Model
   {
       use HasFactory;
       public function product()
       {
           return $this->belongsTo(Product::class);
       }
       public function order()
       {
           return $this->belongsTo(Order::class);
       }
   }
   

   `Transaction` Model (`Transaction.php`)

   The `Transaction` model belongs to an order:

   namespace AppModels;
   use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentFactoriesHasFactory;
   use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
   class Transaction extends Model
   {
       use HasFactory;
       public function order()
       {
           return $this->belongsTo(Order::class);
       }
   }
   

Conclusion ✅

All four models and migrations for the checkout process have been created, and the necessary relationships between them have been established.