Laravel 12 E-Commerce Project Tutorial

Creating Models, Migrations, and Relationships for Checkout

Hi everyone, welcome back to the Laravel E-Commerce Tutorial. This video focuses on setting up the necessary database structure for the Checkout process, including models, migrations, and relationships.

For the checkout functionality, we need four tables: Order, OrderItem, Address, and Transaction.

Create Models and Migrations

Run the following commands in the command prompt to create the models and their respective migrations:

php artisan make:model Order –m
php artisan make:model OrderItem –m
php artisan make:model Address –m
php artisan make:model Transaction –m

Define the `orders` Table Schema

Update the `create_orders_table` migration file with the following columns and foreign key constraint:

public function up(): void
{
    Schema::create("orders", function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->bigInteger("user_id")->unsigned();
        $table->decimal("subtotal");
        $table->decimal("discount")->default(0);
        $table->decimal("tax");
        $table->decimal("total");
        $table->string("name");
        $table->string("phone");
        $table->string("locality");
        $table->text("address");
        $table->string("city");
        $table->string("state");
        $table->string("country");
        $table->string("landmark")->nullable();
        $table->string("zip");
        $table->string("type")->default("home");
        $table->enum("status", ["ordered", "delivered", "canceled"])->default("ordered");
        $table->boolean("is_shipping_different")->default(false);
        $table->date("delivered_date")->nullable();
        $table->date("canceled_date")->nullable();
        $table->timestamps();
        $table->foreign("user_id")->references("id")->on("users")->onDelete("cascade");
    });
}

Define the `addresses` Table Schema

Update the `create_addresses_table` migration file with the following columns:

public function up(): void
{
    Schema::create("addresses", function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->bigInteger("user_id")->unsigned();
        $table->string("name");
        $table->string("phone");
        $table->string("locality");
        $table->text("address");
        $table->string("city");
        $table->string("state");
        $table->string("country");
        $table->string("landmark")->nullable();
        $table->string("zip");
        $table->string("type")->default("home");
        $table->boolean("isdefault")->default(false);
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

Define the `transactions` Table Schema

Update the `create_transactions_table` migration file with the transaction details and foreign keys for `user_id` and `order_id`:

public function up(): void
{
    Schema::create("transactions", function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->bigInteger("user_id")->unsigned();
        $table->bigInteger("order_id")->unsigned();
        $table->enum("mode", ["cod", "card", "paypal"]);
        $table->enum("status", ["pending", "approved", "declined", "refunded"])->default("pending");
        $table->timestamps();
        $table->foreign("user_id")->references("id")->on("users")->onDelete("cascade");
        $table->foreign("order_id")->references("id")->on("orders")->onDelete("cascade");
    });
}

Run the Migrations

Execute the migrations to create the new tables in the database:
```
php artisan migrate
```

Define Model Relationships

Finally, define the Eloquent relationships in the respective models:

`Order` Model (`Order.php`)

The `Order` model has a relationship with a single user, many order items, and a single transaction:

namespace AppModels;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentFactoriesHasFactory;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
class Order extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
    public function orderItems()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(OrderItem::class);
    }
    public function transaction()
    {
        return $this->hasOne(Transaction::class);
    }
}

`OrderItem` Model (`OrderItem.php`)

The `OrderItem` model belongs to an order and a product:

namespace AppModels;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentFactoriesHasFactory;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
class OrderItem extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    public function product()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Product::class);
    }
    public function order()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Order::class);
    }
}

`Transaction` Model (`Transaction.php`)

The `Transaction` model belongs to an order:

namespace AppModels;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentFactoriesHasFactory;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
class Transaction extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    public function order()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Order::class);
    }
}